Underfloor heating (UFH) is an increasingly popular choice for homeowners looking for an energy-efficient and comfortable way to heat their homes. Whether you’re building a new property or retrofitting an existing one, understanding the installation process can help you make informed decisions and ensure the project goes smoothly. This guide walks you through the key steps and what you can expect during the installation of underfloor heating.
Planning and Preparation
Proper planning is the foundation of a successful underfloor heating installation. Before any work begins, there are several important steps to consider:
1. Assessment of the Space
The first step involves evaluating the area where the system will be installed. This includes measuring the space, assessing the type of flooring, and identifying any potential obstacles, such as furniture layouts or existing plumbing and electrical systems.

2. Choosing the Right System
Underfloor heating comes in two main types: electric (dry) systems and hydronic (wet) systems. The choice depends on your specific needs, budget, and whether you’re installing UFH in a single room or throughout your home. Electric systems are easier to install and are ideal for smaller areas, while hydronic systems are more energy-efficient for larger spaces.
3. Designing the Layout
A detailed layout plan ensures optimal heat distribution. This step involves determining the placement of heating elements, zoning areas for individual temperature control, and accounting for insulation and floor coverings. Professional installers often use software to create precise plans tailored to your space.
Installation of Electric Underfloor Heating
For electric UFH systems, the installation process is relatively straightforward and can often be completed within a day or two for smaller spaces. Here’s what to expect:
1. Preparation of the Subfloor
The subfloor must be clean, level, and free of debris. Any uneven surfaces are smoothed out to ensure proper installation of the heating mats or cables.
2. Laying the Insulation
Insulation boards are installed to prevent heat loss and direct the warmth upward. This step is crucial for improving energy efficiency and reducing running costs.
3. Installing the Heating Mats or Cables
The heating elements are laid out according to the design plan. Mats are rolled out across the floor, or cables are installed in a serpentine pattern to cover the entire area evenly. Care is taken to avoid overlapping or damaging the heating elements.
4. Connecting the System
The heating elements are connected to the thermostat and electrical supply. A qualified electrician ensures that all connections meet safety standards and that the system is functioning correctly.
5. Laying the Floor Covering
Once the heating system is installed and tested, the chosen floor covering is laid over it. Compatible materials, such as tiles, laminate, or engineered wood, ensure optimal heat transfer.
Installation of Hydronic Underfloor Heating
Hydronic UFH systems are more complex to install, particularly in existing properties, as they involve integrating a network of pipes into the floor structure. Here’s an overview of the process:
1. Subfloor Preparation and Insulation
Similar to electric systems, the subfloor is prepared and insulated to prevent heat loss. Insulation boards or panels are laid down to create a suitable base for the pipework.
2. Installing the Pipework
A series of flexible pipes are laid out according to the design plan. The pipes are secured to the subfloor using clips or a fixing system, ensuring they remain in place during the installation process. The layout is carefully planned to provide even heat distribution across the space.
3. Connecting to the Heat Source
The pipes are connected to a manifold, which regulates the flow of hot water from the heat source (e.g., boiler or heat pump) to the underfloor heating system. The manifold includes controls for individual zones, allowing for customized temperature settings.
4. Pressure Testing
Before the floor is laid, the system is filled with water and pressure-tested to check for leaks and ensure everything is functioning correctly. This step is essential for identifying and resolving any issues before the system is covered.
5. Laying the Screed
A layer of screed (a cement-like material) is poured over the pipes to encase and protect them. The screed also acts as a thermal mass, helping to distribute and retain heat. It’s important to allow sufficient drying time—often several weeks—before installing the final floor covering.

Post-Installation Considerations
Once the underfloor heating system is installed, there are a few additional steps to ensure its optimal performance:
1. Testing and Commissioning
The system is thoroughly tested to confirm it’s working correctly. For hydronic systems, this includes checking water flow rates and balancing the manifold to ensure even heating across all zones.
2. Programming the Thermostat
The thermostat is programmed to control the system efficiently. Modern thermostats often include features like scheduling, remote control via smartphone apps, and integration with smart home systems.
3. Allowing the Screed to Cure
For hydronic systems, it’s important to let the screed fully cure before turning on the heating. Gradually increasing the temperature over several days prevents cracking and ensures the longevity of the system.
Maintenance Tips
While underfloor heating systems require minimal maintenance, following these tips can help keep them running smoothly:
- Regular Inspections: Periodically check for signs of wear, such as damaged cables or leaks in hydronic systems.
- Servicing the Heat Source: For hydronic systems, ensure the boiler or heat pump is serviced regularly to maintain efficiency.
- Monitor Energy Usage: Keep an eye on your energy bills for any unexpected increases, which could indicate a problem with the system.
- Avoid Floor Damage: Be cautious when drilling or fixing furniture to the floor to avoid damaging the heating elements or pipes.
Conclusion
The installation process of underfloor heating involves careful planning, skilled execution, and attention to detail. Whether you choose an electric or hydronic system, understanding each step of the process ensures a smoother installation experience and a more efficient heating system. By investing in professional installation and following proper maintenance practices, you can enjoy the comfort and energy efficiency of underfloor heating for years to come.